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Compare Ghana (2001) - Jan Mayen (2008)

Compare Ghana (2001) z Jan Mayen (2008)

 Ghana (2001)Jan Mayen (2008)
 GhanaJan Mayen
Administrative divisions 10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western -
Age structure 0-14 years:
41.18% (male 4,123,317; female 4,068,786)

15-64 years:
55.35% (male 5,455,577; female 5,555,278)

65 years and over:
3.47% (male 328,809; female 362,247) (2001 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber -
Airports 12 (2000 est.) 1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
6

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)		 total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Area total:
238,540 sq km

land:
230,020 sq km

water:
8,520 sq km		 total: 377 sq km


land: 377 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Oregon slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981 and the banning of political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. He was succeeded by John KUFUOR. This desolate, artic, mountainous island was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the following centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg volcano resumed activity in 1970; the most recent eruption occurred in 1985. It is the northernmost active volcano on earth.
Birth rate 28.95 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Budget revenues:
$1.39 billion

expenditures:
$1.47 billion, including capital expenditures of $370 million (1996 est.)		 -
Capital Accra -
Climate tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog
Coastline 539 km 124.1 km
Constitution new constitution approved 28 April 1992 -
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Ghana

conventional short form:
Ghana

former:
Gold Coast		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Jan Mayen
Currency cedi (GHC) -
Death rate 10.26 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Debt - external $7 billion (1999 est.) -
Dependency status - territory of Norway; since August 1994, administered from Oslo through the county governor (fylkesmann) of Nordland; however, authority has been delegated to a station commander of the Norwegian Defense Communication Service
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Kathryn D. ROBINSON

embassy:
Ring Road East, East of Danquah Circle, Accra

mailing address:
P. O. Box 194, Accra

telephone:
[233] (21) 775348

FAX:
[233] (21) 776008		 -
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Kobena KOOMSON

chancery:
3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 686-4520

FAX:
[1] (202) 686-4527

consulate(s) general:
New York		 -
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $477.3 million (1995) -
Economy - overview Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 36% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. In 1995-97, Ghana made mixed progress under a three-year structural adjustment program in cooperation with the IMF. On the minus side, public sector wage increases and regional peacekeeping commitments have led to continued inflationary deficit financing, depreciation of the cedi, and rising public discontent with Ghana's austerity measures. Political uncertainty and a depressed cocoa market led to disappointing growth in 2000. A rebound in the cocoa market should push growth over 4% in 2001-02. Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations on the island.
Electricity - consumption 5.573 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 400 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 890 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 5.466 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
26.82%

hydro:
73.18%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mount Afadjato 880 m		 lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m


highest point: Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg 2,277 m
Environment - current issues recent drought in north severely affecting agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Marine Life Conservation		 -
Ethnic groups black African 99.8% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%), European and other 0.2% -
Exchange rates cedis per US dollar - 6,895.77 (January 2001), 5,321.68 (2000), 2,647.32 (1999), 2,314.15 (1998), 2,050.17 (1997), 1,637.23 (1996) -
Executive branch chief of state:
President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 and 28 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004)

election results:
John Agyekum KUFUOR elected president in runoff; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 56.4%, John Atta MILLS 43.6%		 -
Exports $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000) -
Exports - commodities gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds -
Exports - partners Togo, UK, Italy, Netherlands, Germany, US, France (1998) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band the flag of Norway is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $37.4 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
36%

industry:
25%

services:
39% (2000 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,900 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2000 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 8 00 N, 2 00 W 71 00 N, 8 00 W
Geography - note Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake; northeasterly harmattan wind (January to March) barren volcanic island with some moss and grass
Highways total:
39,409 km

paved:
11,653 km (including 30 km of expressways)

unpaved:
27,756 km (1997)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3.6%

highest 10%:
26.1% (1997)		 -
Illicit drugs illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US -
Imports $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000) -
Imports - commodities capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs -
Imports - partners UK, Nigeria, US, Germany, Italy, Spain (1998) -
Independence 6 March 1957 (from UK) -
Industrial production growth rate 4.2% (1996 est.) -
Industries mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing -
Infant mortality rate 56.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 22.8% (2000 est.) -
International organization participation ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNTAET, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 60 sq km (1993 est.) 0 sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court -
Labor force 9 million (2000 est.) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.) -
Land boundaries total:
2,093 km

border countries:
Burkina Faso 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km		 0 km
Land use arable land:
12%

permanent crops:
7%

permanent pastures:
22%

forests and woodland:
35%

other:
24% (1993 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)
Languages English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) -
Legal system based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament (200 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 7 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 100, NDC 92, PNC 3, CPP 1, independents 4		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
57.24 years

male:
55.86 years

female:
58.66 years (2001 est.)		 -
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
64.5%

male:
75.9%

female:
53.5% (1995 est.)		 -
Location Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland
Map references Africa Arctic Region
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM		 territorial sea: 4 nm


contiguous zone: 10 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Merchant marine total:
6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 13,484 GRT/18,583 DWT

ships by type:
petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 4 (2000 est.)		 -
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of Norway
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Force, Palace Guard, Civil Defense -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $53 million (FY99) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.7% (FY99) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
4,890,483 (2001 est.)		 -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
2,713,584 (2001 est.)		 -
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
213,237 (2001 est.)		 -
National holiday Independence Day, 6 March (1957) -
Nationality noun:
Ghanaian(s)

adjective:
Ghanaian		 -
Natural hazards dry, dusty, harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970; the most recent eruption occurred in 1985
Natural resources gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower none
Net migration rate -0.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Pipelines 0 km -
Political parties and leaders Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 19,894,014

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)		 no indigenous inhabitants


note: personnel operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station
Population below poverty line 31.4% (1992 est.) -
Population growth rate 1.79% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors Takoradi, Tema -
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 18, shortwave 3 (1999) AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA (there is one radio and meteorological station) (1998)
Radios 4.4 million (1997) -
Railways total:
953 km (undergoing major rehabilitation)

narrow gauge:
953 km 1.067-m gauge (32 km double track) (1997 est.)		 -
Religions indigenous beliefs 38%, Muslim 30%, Christian 24%, other 8% -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.91 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway

domestic:
primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed

international:
satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 200,000 (1998) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 30,000 (yearend 1998) -
Television broadcast stations 11 (1999) -
Terrain mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers
Total fertility rate 3.82 children born/woman (2001 est.) -
Unemployment rate 20% (1997 est.) -
Waterways 1,293 km

note:
Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways		 -
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